The influence of the initial tank temperature on the evolution of the internal gas temperature during the refueling of on-board hydrogen tanks is investigated in this paper. Two different types of tanks, four different fuel delivery temperatures (from ambient temperature refueling to a pre-cooled hydrogen at -40°C), several filling rates and initial pressures are considered. It is found that the final gas temperature increases linearly with the increase of the initial tank temperature while the temperature increase and the final state of charge (SOC) decrease linearly with increasing initial temperature. The final temperature dependency on the initial temperature is larger with type III than with type IV tank, and grows with increasing initial pressure. Additionally CFD simulations are performed to better understand the role of the relevant phenomena on the gas temperature histories e.g. gas compression, gas mixing, and heat transfer. By comparing the results of calculations with adiabatic and diathermal tank walls, the effect of the initial gas temperature has been separated from the effect of the initial wall temperature on the process.
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